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| 15,000 to 10,000 years ago |
| | | Hunter-gatherers gradually extend their territory far into South America | |
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| 8000 BC |
| | | As the ice cap recedes, hunter-gatherers move up the eastern side of America into Newfoundland and the prairie provinces of Canada | |
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| c. 8000 BC |
| | | As temperatures warm, the sea level rises, submerging the Bering land bridge and isolating the Siberian immigrants as the aboriginal Americans | |
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| c. 1000 BC |
| | | By now the mammoth, the giant bison and the horse are all extinct in America, partly because of the warming climate and partly because of the success of humans with spears | |
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| c. 1000 BC |
| | | Burial mounds feature in the Ohio valley, built first in the Adena culture and then by Hopewell tribes | |
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| 1535 |
| | | Cartier, welcomed by the Huron Indians, gives their island in the St Lawrence river the name of Montreal | |
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| 1542 |
| | | New Laws are passed in Spain, in an attempt to protect the Indians on the encomiendas of Spanish America | |
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| c. 1580 |
| | | Five tribal troups form a League of Five Nations, commonly known as the Iroquois League or Confederacy, against their common enemy the Huron | |
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| 1584 |
| | | The local tribe of Indians, the Secotan, welcome the English visitors, offering them a profusion of meat, fish, fruit and vegetables in return for hatchets and axes | |
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| c. 1585 |
| | | The English artist John White paints the everyday life of the Secotan Indians of America | |
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